In a large bowl, combine the bread flour, active sourdough starter, water, and salt. Mix with your hands or a dough whisk until no dry streaks of flour remain. The dough will be sticky, but do not add additional flour. Cover the bowl with a damp towel, beeswax wrap, or shower cap and let the dough rest in a warm place for 1 hour. With wet hands, perform the first stretch and fold by gently lifting one side of the dough and folding it over itself. Repeat on all four sides. Cover and let rest for 45 minutes.
Repeat the stretch and fold process for a total of 3 sets, allowing the dough to rest 45 minutes between each set.
After the final stretch and fold, transfer the dough to a clean countertop without adding flour. Cover with a damp towel and let it rest for 10 minutes.
Gently stretch the dough into a rectangle. Spread half of the dried onion, jalapeños, and cheddar evenly over the surface and lightly press them into the dough.
Fold one side of the dough toward the center and add half of the remaining inclusions. Fold the opposite side over and add the rest of the jalapeños, cheddar, and dried onion. Roll the dough into a ball and tuck the ends underneath to form a boule.
Using cupped hands, gently pull and rotate the dough across the work surface to build surface tension without tearing the bottom.
Lightly flour a 9-inch banneton basket and place the shaped boule inside with the seam facing up. Pinch any open seams closed, dust lightly with flour, and cover. Let the dough rest at room temperature for 1 hour, then place the banneton inside a plastic bag and refrigerate for a 12–24 hour cold ferment.
The next day, place a Dutch oven with its lid into the oven and preheat to 450°F. Once preheated, leave the Dutch oven inside for an additional 30 minutes. Remove the dough from the refrigerator and carefully invert it onto a piece of parchment paper large enough to line the Dutch oven. Score the top with one deep slash using a lame or razor blade. Carefully transfer the loaf and parchment paper into the hot Dutch oven. Cover with the lid and bake for 40 minutes.
Remove the lid, reduce the oven temperature to 425°F, and bake for an additional 5–10 minutes, or until the crust reaches your desired color.
Transfer the bread to a wire rack and let it cool completely for at least 2 hours before slicing.
Store leftovers in a bread bag once fully cooled.