Prepare the levain by mixing 25g starter, 50g water, and 50g bread flour in a small jar. Cover and let it ferment at room temperature for 4–6 hours, or until bubbly and tripled in size. Measure out 120 grams for the dough.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the 120 grams active starter with the water and whisk until dissolved. Add the bread flour and salt and mix until no dry flour remains. Cover and let the dough rest for 1 hour.
Keep the dough in a cool area (68–72°F if possible) and perform 3 sets of stretch and folds, one hour apart. Incorporate half of the grated butter during the first stretch and fold and the remaining butter during the second, gently folding it into the dough. After the final stretch and fold, let the dough rest for another hour.
Shape the dough into a loose boule and let it rest for 30 minutes. Perform a final letter fold and shape into a tight boule. Transfer to a lightly floured proofing basket, cover, and refrigerate for an overnight cold ferment of 8–16 hours.
Preheat the oven to 475°F with a Dutch oven inside. Carefully invert the chilled dough onto parchment paper or a bread sling, score the top, and transfer it into the hot Dutch oven. Bake covered for 40 minutes, then remove the lid and bake for an additional 5–10 minutes until deeply golden.
Transfer the loaf to a wire rack and allow it to cool completely before slicing and serving.